![]() ![]() With the arrival of the railroad in 1850, Chattanooga became a boom town. The city grew quickly, initially benefiting from a location well-suited for river commerce. In 1839, the community of Ross's Landing incorporated as the city of Chattanooga. Army used Ross's Landing as the site of one of three large internment camps, or "emigration depots", where Native Americans were held before the journey on the Trail of Tears. Their journey west became known as the " Trail of Tears" for their exile and fatalities along the way. government forced the Cherokees, along with other Native Americans, to relocate to the area designated as Indian Territory, in what is now the state of Oklahoma. Located along what is now Broad Street, it became one of the centers of Cherokee Nation settlement, which also extended into Georgia and Alabama. In 1816 John Ross, who later became Principal Chief, established Ross's Landing. The earliest Cherokee occupation of the area dates from 1776, when Dragging Canoe separated himself from the main tribe to establish resistance to European settlement during the Cherokee–American wars. It is also believed to be derived from the Creek Indian word Chat-to-to-noog-gee, meaning ‘rock rising to a point’, which is speculated to be a reference to Lookout Mountain. The latter may be derived from a regional suffix -nuga meaning dwelling or dwelling place. The first part of the name "Chattanooga" derives from the Muskogean word cvto /chắtȯ/ – 'rock'. The Citico town and mound site was the most significant Mississippian/ Muscogee landmark in Chattanooga up to 1915. 750 CE) remaining visible art in Chattanooga. The Chickamauga Mound near the mouth of the Chickamauga Creek is the oldest (c. 10,000 BCE) show continuous human occupation through the Archaic, Woodland, Mississippian/ Muskogean/ Yuchi (900– 1714 CE), and Cherokee (1776–1838) periods. Sites dating back to the Upper Paleolithic period (c. The first inhabitants of the Chattanooga area were Native Americans. See also: Timeline of Chattanooga, Tennessee Early history It is home to the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga (UTC) and Chattanooga State Community College. Ĭhattanooga is internationally known from the 1941 hit song " Chattanooga Choo Choo" by Glenn Miller and his orchestra. ![]() Unofficial nicknames include "River City", "Chatt", "Nooga", "Chattown", and "Gig City", the latter a reference to its claims that it has the fastest internet service in the Western Hemisphere. Its official nickname is the "Scenic City", alluding to the surrounding mountains, ridges, and valleys. It is 118 miles (190 km) northwest of Atlanta, Georgia, 112 miles (180 km) southwest of Knoxville, Tennessee, 134 miles (216 km) southeast of Nashville, Tennessee, 102 miles (164 km) east-northeast of Huntsville, Alabama, and 147 miles (237 km) northeast of Birmingham, Alabama.ĭivided by the Tennessee River, Chattanooga is at the transition between the ridge-and-valley Appalachians and the Cumberland Plateau, both of which are part of the larger Appalachian Mountains. Chattanooga remains a transit hub in the present day, served by multiple Interstate highways and railroad lines. Today, major industry that drives the economy includes automotive, advanced manufacturing, food and beverage production, healthcare, insurance, tourism, and back office and corporate headquarters. After the war, the railroads allowed for the city to grow into one of the Southeastern United States' largest heavy industrial hubs. It anchors the Chattanooga metropolitan area, Tennessee's fourth-largest metropolitan statistical area, as well as a larger three-state area that includes Southeast Tennessee, Northwest Georgia, and Northeast Alabama.Ĭhattanooga was a crucial city during the American Civil War, due to the multiple railroads that converge there. With a population of 181,099 in 2020, it is Tennessee's fourth-largest city and one of the two principal cities of East Tennessee, along with Knoxville. ![]() It is located along the Tennessee River, and borders Georgia to the south.
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